91.080.40 (Concrete structures) 标准查询与下载

ASTM C1542/C1542M-14 测量混凝土芯长度的标准试验方法

4.1 This test method provides two procedures for determining the length of a core as measured along its axis. This length is used in conjunction with length to diameter relationships, condition surveys, absorption, density and voids analysis, petrography, cement content analysis, and other applications. It does not meet requirements for determining the distance between two parallel surfaces, which represents the thickness of a structural element often used to establish compliance with design specifications as outlined by Test Method C174. 1.1 This test method is used to determine the length of a core drilled from concrete. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measuring Length of Concrete Cores

ASTM D5295/D5295M-14 用水密材料粘结薄膜制备混凝土表面的标准指南

3.1 The success of a waterproofing application depends on, among other things, the type, smoothness, and cleanliness of the concrete surface being coated. This guide describes conditioning or repairing of the concrete surface by the removal or other constructive modification of those surface defects that can affect the performance of the waterproofing system. It covers surface preparation by chemical and blast cleaning methods in order to provide good adhesion between the waterproofing system and the concrete as well as the effect and control of various surface contaminants. It also addresses the evaluation of concrete moisture content to ensure optimal initial bond. (See also ACI 515.) 3.2 This guide is not intended to offer guidelines for the selection of a suitable waterproofing system; the use of specific application techniques; or the design and installation of flashing, terminations, expansion joint details, etc. (For definitions of terms, see Terminology D1079.) 3.3 This guide is not intended to offer guidelines for the control of water vapor drive through the concrete which could affect long term performance of the bond between the concrete and waterproofing. 3.4 The recommended procedures described herein are minimums; the waterproofing materials manufacturer may require more strict or specific procedures for the preparation of concrete surfaces for the application of the manufacturer''s specific system. 1.1 This guide provides recommendations for the preparation of concrete surfaces prior to the application of adhered (bonded) waterproofing. 1.2 This guide is directed primarily toward installations of new concrete, but is also applicable for existing concrete installations. (See also ACI 116 and ACI 546.) 1.3 This guide does not apply to loose laid systems, bentonite systems, lead, or the like. 1.4 This guide does not apply to applications involving insulating concrete. 1.5 This guide does not apply to applications involving lightweight structural concrete. 1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Preparation of Concrete Surfaces for Adhered (Bonded) Membrane Waterproofing Systems

ASTM D6760-14 通过超声波交叉孔测试混凝土深地基完整性的标准试验方法

5.1 This method uses data from ultrasonic probes lowered into parallel access ducts, or in a single access duct, in the deep foundation element to assess the homogeneity and integrity of concrete between the probes. The data are used to confirm adequate concrete quality or identify zones of poor quality. If defects are detected, then further investigations should be made by excavation or coring the concrete as appropriate, or by other testing such as Test Method D1143, D4945 or D5882, and measures taken to remediate the structure if a defect is confirmed. Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing and inspection. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. 1.1 This test method covers procedures for checking the homogeneity and integrity of concrete in deep foundation such as bored piles, drilled shafts, concrete piles or augercast piles. This method can also be extended to diaphragm walls, barrettes, dams etc. In this test method, all the above will be designated “deep foundation elements.” The test measures the propagation time and relative energy of an ultrasonic pulse between parallel access ducts (crosshole) or in a single tube (single hole) installed in the deep foundation element. This method is most applicable when performed in tubes that are installed during construction. 1.2 Similar techniques with different excitation sources exist, but these techniques are outside the scope of this test method. 1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. 1.3.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope. 1.4 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this test method is not directly related to the accuracy to which data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope. 1.5 This standard provides minimum requirements for crosshole (or single hole) testing of concrete deep foundation elements. Plans, specifications, provisions, or combinations thereof prepared by a qualified engineer, and approved by the agency requiring the test(s), may provide ......

Standard Test Method for Integrity Testing of Concrete Deep Foundations by Ultrasonic Crosshole Testing

ASTM C1583/C1583M-13 使用直接拉伸(拔出法)测定混凝土表面抗张强度和混凝土维修和覆盖材料粘结强度或抗张强度的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method determines the tensile strength of concrete near to the prepared surface, which can be used as an indicator of the adequacy of surface preparation before applying a repair or an overlay material. 5.2 When the test is performed on the surface of a repair or an overlay material, it determines the bond strength to the substrate or the tensile strength of either the overlay or substrate, whichever is weaker. 5.3 The method may also be used to evaluate the adhesive strength of bonding agents. 5.4 When the test is performed on the surface of a material applied to the substrate, the measured strength is controlled by the failure mechanism requiring the least stress. Thus it is not possible to know beforehand which strength will be measured by the test. For this reason, the failure mode has to be reported for each individual test result, and tests results are averaged only if the same failure mode occurs. 1.1 This test method is suitable for both field and laboratory use to determine one or more of the following: 1.1.1 The near-surface tensile strength of the substrate as an indicator of the adequacy of surface preparation before application of a repair or overlay material. 1.1.2 The bond strength of a repair or an overlay material to the substrate. 1.1.3 The tensile strength of a repair or overlay material, or an adhesive used in repairs, after the material has been applied to a surface. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Concrete Surfaces and the Bond Strength or Tensile Strength of Concrete Repair and Overlay Materials by Direct Tension (Pull-off Method)

ASTM C1138M-12 混凝土耐磨性的标准试验方法(水下法)

1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the relative resistance of concrete (including concrete overlays and impregnated concrete) to abrasion under water (see Note 1). This procedure simulates the abrasive action of waterborne particles (silt, sand, gravel, and other solids). Note 1???Other procedures are available for measuring abrasion resistance of concrete surfaces not under water. These include Test Methods C418, C779/C779M, and C944. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning???Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)2

Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete (Underwater Method)

ASTM D7682-12 采用仿制腻子复制和测量混凝土表面轮廓的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method is suitable for both field and laboratory use to obtain a permanent record of concrete surface profile using replica putty and to determine the depth of that surface profile.Note 1???The procedure in this standard was developed for concrete substrates but may be appropriate for other rigid substrates. 1.2 A profile can be imparted to concrete by various methods such as blast cleaning and acid etching. The depth of the surface profile has been shown to be a factor in coating adhesion and performance. 1.3 The International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI) provides a means of visually judging a concrete surface by use of nine different visual comparators called Concrete Surface Profiles (CSP). This standard compliments the use of these visual comparators. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Replication and Measurement of Concrete Surface Profiles Using Replica Putty

ASTM C1602/C1602M-12 水硬性水泥混凝土搅拌用水的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers the compositional and performance requirements for water used as mixing water in hydraulic cement concrete. It defines sources of water and provides requirements and testing frequencies for qualifying individual or combined water sources. In any case where the requirements of the purchaser differ from these in this specification, the purchaser’s specification shall govern. 1.2 This specification does not purport to cover methods of storage, transportation, or blending of water, or to address the development and maintenance of quality control programs sponsored or managed by the manufacturer. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets, or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete

ASTM D7705/D7705M-12 混凝土结构中用纤维增强聚合物(FRP)基复合材料棒材抗碱性的标准试验方法

This test method is intended to determine alkaline resistance data for material specifications, research and development, quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. Depending on the procedure and test matrix, the primary test results are the mass change and tensile capacity retention of the test specimen, which are important factors to be considered in the use of FRP reinforcing bars. Procedures A and B are accelerated tests, substituting an alkaline aqueous environment for the presence of concrete porewater. Procedure C can be used to establish the accelerating effect of Procedure B. Procedure A is appropriate for rapid screening of FRP bars for alkali resistance. Procedure B is appropriate for characterizing the alkali resistance of FRP bars under sustained mechanical loading in a standard aqueous alkaline environment intended to represent the concrete porewater. Procedure C is appropriate for characterizing the alkali resistance of FRP bars under sustained mechanical loading in Portland cement concrete.1.1 This test method covers the procedure for evaluating the alkali resistance of FRP bars used as reinforcing bars in concrete. Alkali resistance is measured by subjecting the FRP bars to an aqueous alkali environment, with or without sustained tensile stress, and then testing them to failure in tension according to Test Method D7205/D7205M. This standard presents three procedures conducted at a moderately elevated temperature of 60ºC (140ºF), each defining different loading conditions. The test method is also appropriate for use with linear segments of FRP reinforcements cut from two- or three-dimensional reinforcing grid. 1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units shall be regarded separately as the standard. The inch-pound units are shown in the parenthesis. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of each other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Alkali Resistance of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Matrix Composite Bars used in Concrete Construction

ASTM D7234-12 用便携式拉脱附着力测试仪测定混凝土上涂层拉脱附着强度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers procedures for evaluating the pull-off adhesion strength of a coating on concrete. The test determines the greatest perpendicular force (in tension) that a surface area can bear before a plug of material is detached. Failure will occur along the weakest plane within the system comprised of the test fixture, adhesive, coating system, and substrate, and will be exposed by the fracture surface. 1.2 This test method uses a class of apparatus known as portable pull-off adhesion testers.2 They are capable of applying a concentric load and counter load to a single surface so that coatings can be tested even though only one side is accessible. Measurements are limited by the strength of adhesion bonds between the loading fixture, coating system and the substrate or the cohesive strengths of the adhesive, coating layers, and substrate. 1.3 Pull-off adhesion strength measurements depend upon both material and instrumental parameters. There are different instruments used that comply with this test method. The specific instrument used should be identified when reporting results. This test is destructive and spot repairs may be necessary. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Adhesion Strength of Coatings on Concrete Using Portable Pull-Off Adhesion Testers

ASTM F2170-11 施工现场探测用混凝土楼板相对湿度测定的标准试验方法

Moisture permeating from concrete floor slabs affects the performance of flooring systems such as resilient and textile floor coverings and coatings. Manufacturers of such systems generally require moisture testing to be performed before installation on concrete. Internal relative humidity testing is one such method. Excessive moisture permeating from floor slabs after installation can cause floor covering system failures such as debonding and deterioration of finish flooring and coatings and microbial growth. Moisture test results indicate the moisture condition of the slab only at the time of the test.1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of percent relative humidity in concrete slabs for field or laboratory tests. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warnings are given in Section 7, 10.3.2, and 10.4.4.

Standard Test Method for Determining Relative Humidity in Concrete Floor Slabs Using in situ Probes

ASTM C1645/C1645M-11 固体混凝土联锁铺砌石块的解冻和除冰盐耐用性标准试验方法

This test method is intended to determine the effects of freezing and thawing on units conforming to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M while immersed in a test solution. Other types of segmental concrete paving units that do not conform to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M may be tested using this test method. The results from this test method are not intended to provide a quantitative measure of the length of service from concrete paving units conforming to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M.1.1 This test method evaluates the resistance to freezing and thawing of solid interlocking concrete paving units conforming to the dimensional requirements of Specification C936/C936M. Units are tested in a test solution that is either tap water or 3 % saline solution, depending on the intended use of the units in actual service. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, in any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the use of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitation prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De-icing Salt Durability of Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units

ASTM F2170-09 利用定向探头测定水泥地厚板相对湿度的标准试验方法

Moisture permeating from concrete floor slabs affects the performance of flooring systems such as resilient and textile floor coverings and coatings. Manufacturers of such systems generally require moisture testing to be performed before installation on concrete. Internal relative humidity testing is one such method. Excessive moisture permeating from floor slabs after installation can cause floor covering system failures such as debonding and deterioration of finish flooring and coatings and microbial growth. Moisture test results indicate the moisture condition of the slab only at the time of the test.1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of percent relative humidity in concrete slabs for field or laboratory tests. 1.2 The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warnings are given in Section 7, 10.3.2, and 10.4.4.

Standard Test Method for Determining Relative Humidity in Concrete Floor Slabs Using in situ Probes

ASTM C1262-09 评定干铸分段式挡土墙构件和相关混凝土构件冷冻和解冻的标准试验方法

The procedure described in this test method is intended to determine the effects of freezing and thawing on SRW and related units in the presence of water or saline solution. The procedure is not intended to provide a quantitative measure to determine an expected length of service for a specific type of concrete unit. Note 28212;The testing laboratory performing this test method should be evaluated in accordance with Practice C1093.1.1 This test method covers the resistance to freezing and thawing of dry-cast segmental retaining wall (SRW) units (see Specification C1372) and related concrete units. Units are tested in a test solution that is either water or 3 % saline solution depending on the intended use of the units in actual service. Note 18212;Related concrete units include units such as hollow and solid concrete masonry units, concrete brick, and concrete roof pavers. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Durability of Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units and Related Concrete Units

ASTM D6760-08 用超声波孔间试验测试混凝土深地基完整性的标准试验方法

This method uses data from ultrasonic probes lowered into parallel access ducts, or in a single access duct, in the deep foundation element to assess the homogeneity and integrity of concrete between the probes. The data are used to confirm adequate concrete quality or identify zones of poor quality. If defects are detected, then further investigations should be made by excavation or coring the concrete as appropriate, or by other testing such as Test Method D 1143, D 4945 or D 5882, and measures taken to remediate the structure if a defect is confirmed. Note 18212;The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing and inspection. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers procedures for checking the homogeneity and integrity of concrete in deep foundation such as bored piles, drilled shafts, concrete piles or augercast piles. This method can also be extended to diaphragm walls, barrettes, dams etc. In this test method, all the above will be designated “deep foundation elements.” The test measures the propagation time and relative energy of an ultrasonic pulse between parallel access ducts (crosshole) or in a single tube (single hole) installed in the deep foundation element. This method is most applicable when performed in tubes that are installed during construction. 1.2 Similar techniques with different excitation sources exist, but these techniques are outside the scope of this test method. 1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026. 1.3.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope. 1.4 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this test method is not directly related to the accuracy to which data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope. 1.5 This standard provides minimum requirements for crosshole (or single hole) testing of concrete deep foundation elements. Plans, specifications, provisions, or combinations thereof prepared by a qualified engineer, and approved by the agency requiring the test(s), may provide additional requirements and procedures as needed to satisfy the objectives of a particular test program. 1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 Limitations8212;Proper installation of the access ducts is essential for effective testing and interpretation. The method does not give the exact type of defect (for......

Standard Test Method for Integrity Testing of Concrete Deep Foundations by Ultrasonic Crosshole Testing

ASTM D4070-08 混凝土结构用预制弹性桥梁压缩填缝料安装用粘结剂的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers an adhesive lubricant for facilitating the insertion and positioning of preformed elastomeric bridge compression seals in either concrete or steel-faced joints, and which bonds the seal to the joint faces to waterproof the joint.

Standard Specification for Adhesive Lubricant for Installation of Preformed Elastomeric Bridge Compression Seals in Concrete Structures

ASTM C1262-08 评估干铸分段挡土墙单元和相关混凝土单元的冻融耐久性的标准试验方法

The procedure described in this test method is intended to determine the effects of freezing and thawing on SRW and related units in the presence of water or saline solution. The procedure is not intended to provide a quantitative measure to determine an expected length of service for a specific type of concrete unit. Note 28212;The testing laboratory performing this test method should be evaluated in accordance with Practice C 1093.1.1 This test method covers the resistance to freezing and thawing of dry-cast segmental retaining wall (SRW) units and related concrete units. Units are tested in a test solution that is either water or 3 % saline solution depending on the intended use of the units in actual service. Note 18212;Related concrete units include units such as hollow and solid concrete masonry units, concrete brick, and concrete roof pavers. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Durability of Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units and Related Concrete Units

ASTM C1262-08a 评估干铸分段挡土墙单元和相关混凝土单元的冻融耐久性的标准试验方法

The procedure described in this test method is intended to determine the effects of freezing and thawing on SRW and related units in the presence of water or saline solution. The procedure is not intended to provide a quantitative measure to determine an expected length of service for a specific type of concrete unit. Note 28212;The testing laboratory performing this test method should be evaluated in accordance with Practice C 1093.1.1 This test method covers the resistance to freezing and thawing of dry-cast segmental retaining wall (SRW) units (see Specification C 1372) and related concrete units. Units are tested in a test solution that is either water or 3 % saline solution depending on the intended use of the units in actual service. Note 18212;Related concrete units include units such as hollow and solid concrete masonry units, concrete brick, and concrete roof pavers. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Durability of Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units and Related Concrete Units

ASTM D6087-08 使用地面穿透雷达对沥青覆盖的混凝土平台评价的标准试验方法

This test method provides information on the condition of concrete bridge decks overlaid with asphaltic concrete without necessitating removal of the overlay, or other destructive procedures. This test method also provides information on the condition of bridge decks without overlays and with portland cement concrete overlays. A systematic approach to bridge deck rehabilitation requires considerable data on the condition of the decks. In the past, data has been collected using the traditional methods of visual inspection supplemented by physical testing and coring. Such methods have proven to be tedious, expensive, and of limited accuracy. Consequently, GPR provides a mechanism to rapidly survey bridges in an efficient, non-destructive manner. Information on the condition of asphalt-covered concrete bridge decks is needed to estimate bridge deck condition for maintenance and rehabilitation, to provide cost-effective information necessary for rehabilitation contracts. GPR is currently the only non-destructive method that can evaluate bridge deck condition on bridge decks containing an asphalt overlay.1.1 This test method covers several ground penetrating radar (GPR) evaluation procedures that can be used to evaluate the condition of concrete bridge decks overlaid with asphaltic concrete wearing surfaces. These procedures can also be used for bridge decks overlaid with portland cement concrete and for bridge decks without an overlay. Specifically, this test method predicts the presence or absence of concrete or rebar deterioration at or above the level of the top layer of reinforcing bar. 1.2 Deterioration in concrete bridge decks is manifested by the corrosion of embedded reinforcement or the decomposition of concrete, or both. The most serious form of deterioration is that which is caused by corrosion of embedded reinforcement. Corrosion may be initiated by deicing salts, used for snow and ice control in the winter months, penetrating the concrete. In arid climates, the corrosion can be initiated by chloride ions contained in the mix ingredients. Deterioration may also be initiated by the intrusion of water and aggravated by subsequent freeze/thaw cycles causing damage to the concrete and subsequent debonding of the reinforcing steel with the surrounding compromised concrete. 1.2.1 As the reinforcing steel corrodes, it expands and creates a crack or subsurface fracture plane in the concrete at or just above the level of the reinforcement. The fracture plane, or delamination, may be localized or may extend over a substantial area, especially if the concrete cover to the reinforcement is small. It is not uncommon for more than one delamination to occur on different planes between the concrete surface and the reinforcing steel. Delaminations are not visible on the concrete surface. However, if repairs are not made, the delaminations progress to open spalls and, with continued corrosion, eventually affect the structural integrity of the deck. 1.2.2 The portion of concrete contaminated with excessive chlorides is generally structurally deficient compared with non-contaminated concrete. Additionally, the chloride-contaminated concrete provides a pathway for the chloride ions to initiate corrosion of the reinforcing steel. It is therefore of particular interest in bridge deck condition investigations to locate not only the areas of active reinforcement corrosion, but also areas of chloride-contaminated and otherwise deteriorated concrete. 1.3 This test method may not be suitable for evaluating bridges with delaminations that are localized over the diameter of the reinforcement, or for those bridges that have cathodic protection (coke breeze as cathode) installed on the bridge or for which a conductive aggregate has been used in the asphalt (that is, blast furnace slag). This is because metals are per......

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Asphalt-Covered Concrete Bridge Decks Using Ground Penetrating Radar

ASTM D7088-08 砖石工程用地下设施涂层的抗流体静压力的标准实施规程

This test is meant to simulate the ability of a coating applied to a basement or other below grade masonry walls to prevent the intrusion of water through the coating caused by hydrostatic pressure from water on the outside of the structure. 1.1 This practice is for the evaluation of coatings used in below grade applications to resist the passage of water through concrete block. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Resistance to Hydrostatic Pressure for Coatings Used in Below Grade Applications Applied to Masonry

ASTM C1262-07 成品混凝土砌块和相关混凝土砌块的冻融耐久性评估用标准试验方法

The procedure described in this test method is intended to determine the effects of freezing and thawing on concrete units in the presence of water or saline solution. The procedure is not intended to provide a quantitative measure to determine an expected length of service for a specific type of concrete unit. Note 28212;The testing laboratory performing this test method should be evaluated in accordance with Practice C 1093. Note 38212;Compressive strength and absorption tests should be performed on different but representative specimens. While compressive strength and absorption values by themselves have been shown by research to not be reliable indicators of durability, they have been shown to be good reference values for units manufactured from a given set of materials.1.1 This test method covers the resistance to freezing and thawing manufactured concrete masonry and related concrete units. Units are tested in a test solution that is either water or 3 % saline solution depending on the intended use of the units in actual service. Note 1 - Concrete masonry and related concrete units include units such as hollow and solid concrete masonry units, concrete brick, segmental retaining wall units, concrete pavers, and concrete roof pavers.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Durability of Manufactured Concrete Masonry Units and Related Concrete Units